Central Otago lies in the interior of the South Island. It covers approximately 9,970 square kilometres and has a population of about 25,800.

The Otago gold rush of the 1860s drove the development of settlements including Alexandra and Cromwell. Chinese miners arrived during the later stages of the gold rush, leaving important historic sites and a lasting community legacy.

The district council is based in Alexandra. Major towns include Cromwell, Alexandra, Clyde, Roxburgh and Ranfurly. Cromwell is an important transport and commercial centre.

The economy is based on industries including wine production and tourism. Central Otago is one of New Zealand’s important inland wine-growing areas, with some agricultural products and wines sold overseas.

The current mayor is Tamah Alley.